第三編 兩晉南北朝史
Book 3 - The History of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

Table of Contents

Illustrations:

3.0 A General Synopsis of the 300-year History of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.1 Western Chin (西晉)

Supplement: Map of Western Chin Territories

Supplement: Brief List of Western Chin Territories

Supplement: Chronology of Major Events During the Western Chin

Supplement: Chart of Line of Succession of Emperors of the Two Chin Dynasties

3.1.1 The Dangers at the Start of Western Chin Rule

3.1.1.1 Chin Wu-ti Restores Feudalism

Supplement: Brief List of the 27 Kings Enfeoffed by Wu-ti

3.1.1.2 The Corruption of the Political Environment During the Early Chin

3.1.1.2.1 The Profligacy of the Emperor and the Aristocracy

3.1.1.2.2 The "Pure Talk"(清談) of the Scholars

3.1.1.2.3 The Grave Crisis of the Border Tribes

Appendix: Lü Pao - A Commentary on the Money Spirit

Appendix: P'ei Wei - A Commentary on Honor

3.1.2 The Revolt of the Eight Kings

Supplement: Chart of the Eight Kings

Supplement: Map of the Kingdoms and Garrisons of the Eight Kings

3.1.2.1 The Political Disorder of Empress Chia (賈后) - the Beginning of the Revolt of the Eight Kings

3.1.2.2 The Revolt of King Lun of Chao (趙王 倫)

3.1.2.3 The Revolt of the Three Kings

3.1.2.4 The Great Melee of the Eastern and Western Kings After King Yueh of Tung-hai (東海王 越) Takes Over the Reins of Government

3.1.2.5 The Death of King Yueh of Tung-hai

3.1.3 The Fall of the Western Chin

3.1.3.1 The Five Barbarian Tribes Rise in Revolt

Attachment: Map of the Spheres of Influence and Locations of the Five Barbarians at the Beginning of the Chin

3.1.3.2 The Calamities of Huai-ti and Min-ti

3.2 Eastern Chin (東晉)

Supplement: Chronology of Major Events During the Eastern Chin (incomplete)

3.2.1 The Early Government of the Eastern Chin and the States of Former and Latter Chao

3.2.2 The Political Situation of the Middle Years of the Eastern Chin and the States of Former Yen and Former Ch'in

3.2.3 The Political Situation of the Later Years of the Eastern Chin and the Division of the North

3.3 The Southern and Northern Dynasties (南北朝)

Supplement: Chronology of Major Events During the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.3.1 The Sung and Wei Stalemate and the North-South Conflict

3.3.2 The Government of Liu-Sung

3.3.3 The Northern Wei Grows in Strength

3.3.4 The Political Situation of Hsiao-Ch'i and the North-South Conflict

3.3.5 The Great North-South Battle at the Start of the Liang and the Collapse of the Northern Wei

3.3.6 Liang Wu-ti and the Revolt of Hou Ching

3.3.7 The Ch'en, Chou and Ch'i Stalemate and the Conclusion of the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.4 Maps of the Evolution of the Eastern Chin and the Various Kingdoms of the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.4.1 Eastern Chin Territories

3.4.2 Territories of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Five Barbarians

3.4.3 Territories of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and Their Evolution

3.5 The Government Structure of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.5.1 The System of Officials

3.5.2 Military System

3.5.3 Legal System

3.5.4 Education

3.5.5 Selection and Appointment

3.5.6 Taxes, Levies and Currency (incomplete)

3.6 Learning and the Arts of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.6.1 Philology (文字學)

3.6.2 Study of the Classics (經學)

3.6.3 Dark Studies (玄學 Mysticism and Taoism)

3.6.4 Literary Studies (文學)

3.6.4.1 The State of Literary Studies during the Two Chin

3.6.4.2 The State of Literary Studies during the Southern Dynasties

3.6.4.2.1 General Literature

3.6.4.2.2 Specialties - Complete Works and Criticism

3.6.4.3 The State of Literary Studies during the Northern Dynasties

3.6.4.3.1 General Literature

3.6.4.3.2 Specialties

3.6.4.4 Folk Songs and Novels

3.6.4.4.1 Folk Songs

3.6.4.4.2 Novels

3.6.5 Historical Studies (史學)

3.6.5.1 Historians

3.6.5.1.1 The Hou-Han Shu () of Fan Yeh ()

3.6.5.1.2 The San-kuo Chih () of Ch'en Shou ()

3.6.5.1.3 The Eighteen Schools of the Chin Shu ()

3.6.5.1.4 The Sung Shu () of Shen Yueh ()

3.6.5.1.5 The Nan Ch'i Shu () of Hsiao Tzu-hsien ()

3.6.5.1.6 The Liang Shu () and the Ch'en Shu ()

3.6.5.1.7 The Wei Shu () of Wei Shou ()

3.6.5.1.8 The Shih-liu Kuo Ch'un-ch'iu ()

3.6.5.1.9 Liang Wu-ti's T'ung-shih ()

3.6.5.1.10 Ti-wang Shih-chi ()

3.6.5.1.11 Hua-yang Kuo Chih ()

3.6.6 Science (科學)

3.6.7 Art (藝術)

3.6.7.1 Calligraphy

3.6.8 Music and Dance (樂舞)

3.7 Religions of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.7.1 Buddhism

3.7.2 Taoism

3.8 Society of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.8.1 The National Economy and Standard of Living (people's livelihood)

3.8.1.1 The Overall Condition of the Economy

3.8.1.1.1 Economic Expansion and Contraction

3.8.1.1.1.1 The Two Chin

3.8.1.1.1.2 The Southern Dynasties

3.8.1.1.1.3 The Northern Dynasties

3.8.1.1.2 Population Changes

3.8.1.1.2.1 Overview of General Population

3.8.1.1.2.2 Overview of Southern and Northern Populations

3.8.1.1.2.3 The Decline of the Population of the Central Plain

3.8.1.1.3 Population Registers

3.8.1.1.3.1 Registered and Unregistered Households

3.8.1.1.3.2 Agricultural Households, Official Households and Military Households

3.8.1.1.3.3 Unregistered Individuals

3.8.1.1.3.4 Buddhist Monks and Nuns

3.8.1.1.3.5 Slaves

3.8.1.2 Birth Records - People's Livelihood

3.8.1.2.1

3.8.1.2.2

3.8.1.2.2.1

3.8.1.2.2.2

3.8.1.2.2.3

3.8.1.3 Rulers, Merchants and Slaves

3.8.1.3.1

3.8.1.3.2

3.8.1.3.3

3.8.2 Class and Family Status

3.8.2.1

3.8.2.1.1

3.8.2.1.2

3.8.2.2

3.8.3 Life Custom and Habit

3.8.3.1 General

3.8.3.1.1 Great Families

3.8.3.1.2 Pure Talk and

3.8.3.1.3

3.8.3.1.4

3.8.3.1.5

3.8.3.2 General

3.8.3.2.1 Clothing, Food, Housing and Transportation

3.8.3.2.1.1

3.8.3.2.1.2

3.8.3.2.1.3

3.8.3.2.1.4

3.8.3.2.2 Entertainment and Festivals

3.8.3.2.2.1 Games (百戲 pai-shih)

3.8.3.2.2.2 Go (博奕 po-yi)

3.8.3.2.2.2.1 Dice Games (蒱 shu-p'u)

3.8.3.2.2.2.2 Grasp Spear (握槊 wo-shuo)

3.8.3.2.2.2.3 Grand Go (奕棊 i-ch'i)

3.8.3.2.2.3 Festival Customs

3.9 External Relations of the Two Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

3.9.1 Communications with the Western Region (西域 Hsi-yü) and the Kingdoms of the Western Region

3.9.1.1 The Relationship of the Western Region with China

3.9.1.2 The Relationship of the Jou-jan and the T'u-chüeh with the Western Region

3.9.1.3 Transportation Routes through the Western Region and the Journies of Fa-hsien (法顯) and Sung Yün (宋雲)

3.9.1.3.1 Transportation Routes in the Western Region

3.9.1.3.2 The Stages of Fa-hsien's Overland Journey to the West

3.9.1.3.3 The Stages of Sung Yün's Western Travels

3.9.1.4 The General Situation of the Kingdoms of the Western Region

3.9.2 Communications with Overseas Areas and the Various Kingdoms Overseas

3.9.2.1 Shipping (hang-yeh 航業) on the Eastern and Southern Seas from the Wei-Chin On

3.9.2.2 The General Situation of the Overseas Kingdoms

3.9.2.2.1 The Various Kingdoms of the Southern Sea (Nan-hai)

3.9.2.2.2 The Various Kingdoms of the Eastern Sea (Tung-hai)